{"id":1008,"date":"2011-11-16T09:07:04","date_gmt":"2011-11-16T06:07:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/?p=1008"},"modified":"2017-05-11T23:34:08","modified_gmt":"2017-05-11T20:34:08","slug":"her-seyin-teorisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/?p=1008","title":{"rendered":"Her \u015eeyin Teorisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Bilim, bilinmezler okyanusuyla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f insano\u011fluna, \u00e7evresindeki bu okyanusu tan\u0131yabilme \u015fans\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bilinmezler okyanusu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evrendir. Isaac Newton da buna benzer bir tan\u0131mlamadan yola \u00e7\u0131karak kendisini tan\u0131ml\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cI do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBeni d\u00fcnya nas\u0131l g\u00f6recek bunu bilemem… Fakat ben kendimi kocaman bir ger\u00e7ekler okyanusu \u00f6n\u00fcmde ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f dururken, k\u0131y\u0131da kendini oyalayan ve k\u00e2h daha yumu\u015fak bir ta\u015f, k\u00e2h daha g\u00fczel bir deniz kabu\u011fu bulan bir \u00e7ocuk gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.<\/em>\u201d[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Ar\u015fimet\u2019in \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan beri \u00e7evremizde olan biten her \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131klayabilme \u00e7abas\u0131 bilimadamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde yatan aslan olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olsa gerek. \u00c7evremizi \u00e7epe\u00e7evre saran bilinmezlik, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle de\u011fi\u015fimler okyanusunu bir nebze olsun sakinle\u015ftirme iste\u011finin, de\u011fi\u015fimleri dondurabilme iste\u011finin k\u00f6kenine inmek ve anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc durmaks\u0131z\u0131n devinen, hareket eden bir evrende a\u00e7\u0131yoruz. B\u00fct\u00fcn sorun da bu… Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evren ile ilgili en temel g\u00f6zlemimiz bu olsa gerek. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz geceye gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcze evriliyor durmaks\u0131z\u0131n. Mevsimler durmadan de\u011fi\u015fiyor. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde bitmek bilmeyen bir de\u011fi\u015fim, bir hareketlilik var. Siz baksan\u0131z da bakmasan\u0131z da a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yapraklar\u0131 esen de\u011fi\u015fik h\u0131zlardaki r\u00fczgarla birlikte \u00fc\u015fenmeden k\u0131p\u0131rdamaya devam ediyorlar. Denizin y\u00fczeyi zaman zaman g\u00f6rece olarak sakinle\u015fse de mutlak anlamda hi\u00e7 bir zaman ve hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde sakinle\u015fmiyor. Kusursuz bir d\u00fczleme asla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. G\u00f6kcisimleri de hareket ediyorlar. \u00dc\u00e7 be\u015f tanesi hari\u00e7 hepsi kendi etraf\u0131nda eser miktarda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u201chareket etmiyor\u201d oldu\u011funu varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n, Kutup Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcyorlar. Kutup Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019n\u0131 umursamayan o \u00fc\u00e7 be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131z da asl\u0131da y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fil. G\u00fcne\u015fin etraf\u0131nda t\u0131pk\u0131 d\u00fcnya gibi d\u00f6nmekte olan gezegenler. Ayr\u0131ca y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6r\u00fcnen konumlar\u0131 birbirlerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmiyor gibidir ama ger\u00e7ekte k\u0131sa insan \u00f6mr\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015fmiyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce (ya da sonra) g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde ayn\u0131 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeniz imkans\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131ld\u0131zlar galaksi i\u00e7inde, b\u00fct\u00fcn galaksiler evren i\u00e7indeki (birbirlerine ya da herhangi bir referans sistemine g\u00f6re) konumlar\u0131n\u0131 durmaks\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorlar.<\/p>\n

\"Bilinmezler
Bilinmezler okyanusunun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda...<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hareket (ya da devinim) evrenin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ger\u00e7e\u011fi. Evrenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in orijin, bir ana referans olarak kabul edebilece\u011fimiz bir referans sistemi bulamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 biliyoruz. Ve hareket, de\u011fi\u015fim demek. Herhangi bir t1 an\u0131ndaki evren ile bir ba\u015fka t2 an\u0131ndaki evren ile asla (en az\u0131ndan) konumsal olarak ayn\u0131 olamayacak.<\/p>\n

Bilim k\u0131saca; bu de\u011fi\u015fimleri tan\u0131mlayabilme, tekrar eden de\u011fi\u015fimlerden baz\u0131 benzerlikleri yakalayarak, benzeri \u015fartlarda tekrar ediyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnenleri kanunla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gitmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bu mant\u0131kla bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda elinizden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir cismin her zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor olmas\u0131 tekrar eden bir de\u011fi\u015fimdir ve kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Son y\u0131llarda bilimsel kanun<\/strong> ya da bilimin yasalar\u0131<\/strong> kavramlar\u0131 bilim \u00e7evrelerinde reddedildi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yasa kavram\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn evrende tekrar edilebilirlik gibi bir gereklilik ihtiva ediyordu. Oysa kozmolojideki ve par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizi\u011findeki son y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k deney ve g\u00f6zlemler bilimsel teorilerimizin yasa olarak ifade edilmesindense birer yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong> olarak ifade edilmesinin daha do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretti. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ar\u015fimet\u2019in geometri kanunlar\u0131 ya da Newton\u2019un mekanik kanunlar\u0131 insan \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine yak\u0131n boyutlarda ge\u00e7erliydi ama \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitiriyordu. Yani s\u00f6z konusu kanunlar tekrar edebilme \u00f6zelliklerini yitirdikleri i\u00e7in art\u0131k bilimsel kanun ya da bilimsel yasa olarak ifade edilmeleri do\u011fru olmazd\u0131. Art\u0131k sadece bu iki yasa i\u00e7in de\u011fil t\u00fcm yasa olarak bildi\u011fimiz bilimsel fikirler i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015feyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Art\u0131k 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren baz\u0131 fizik\u00e7ilerin iddia etti\u011fi gibi evrende olan biten her \u015feyin mekani\u011fin yasalar\u0131na indirgenebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyoruz. Yani bilim yoluyla yasalara indirgeyip dondurabildi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz evrendeki de\u011fi\u015fimler, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olsa da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyor. Ama de\u011fi\u015fimleri dondurma \u00e7abas\u0131 hen\u00fcz bitmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz fizik\u00e7ilerinin, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir \u015faka olarak ortaya at\u0131lan her \u015feyin teorisini kurmak gibi bir gayeleri var. B\u00fct\u00fcn fikir, baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck fizik teorilerinin birle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 manas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Son ve mutlak bir teori yaz\u0131p (teori, yasa de\u011fil) de\u011fi\u015fimleri tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, dondurulmu\u015f bir evren resminin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kahve i\u00e7me iste\u011fi bu. 17.y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan bilimsel ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeler sayesinde heyecana kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilimadamlar\u0131ndan Pierre Simon Laplace\u2019\u0131n \u201cdo\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 hareket\u2019e getiren b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve do\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 te\u015fkil eden b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u2019\u0131n birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan durumlar\u0131n\u0131 belli bir anda bilebilecek ve bunlar\u0131 matematiksel form\u00fcller\u2019e ba\u011flayabilecek bir dahi olsayd\u0131, Evren\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck cisimleri\u2019nden en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cisimlerine kadar hepsinin hareketlerini matematik form\u00fcller\u2019de kolayl\u0131kla toplayabilir ve gelece\u011fi de, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de g\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcne serebilirdi<\/em>\u201d \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilecek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc insan\u0131n \u00e7ok derinlerde hissetti\u011fi \u201cdondurulmu\u015f evren<\/strong>\u201d iste\u011fi olarak yorumlamak yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Belki de insano\u011flu de\u011fi\u015fimlerle dolu evreni kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyordur, bilemiyoruz… Ne var ki bug\u00fcn\u00fcn pop\u00fcler \u201cHer \u015eeyin Teorisi<\/a>\u201dnin de Laplace\u2019\u0131n mekanik determinizmi gibi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki bilinmezler okyanusunu do\u011fru anlamamakta \u0131srar oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. As\u0131l sorun belki de insan\u0131n kendine duydu\u011fu \u00f6zg\u00fcvendir. Isaac Newton\u2019un yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki m\u00fctevazi s\u00f6z\u00fc, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilim alg\u0131s\u0131yla bu a\u00e7\u0131dan pek uyu\u015fmuyor. Bilim b\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131m\u0131za verilebilecek tek ve mutlak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmm\u00fc\u015f gibi bir imaja sahip. Oysa bu imajda daha bilimin tan\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan sorunlar var. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman felsefe ya da din ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f anlamalar silsilesinin sebepleri i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011fu bilimadam\u0131n\u0131n Newton\u2019un s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki kadar m\u00fctevazi olamamalar\u0131 ya da teknolojik geli\u015fmelerden ba\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ya da d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kitlelerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelecek \u015foku[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> olabilir. Titanic\u2019i tasarlayan m\u00fchendislerin \u201cBu gemiyi Tanr\u0131 bile bat\u0131ramaz\u201d deyivermeleri gibi Her \u015eeyin Teorisi<\/a> \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz diyenlerin de acele ettiklerini ve sahip olduklar\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe ve bilgiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fer verdiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Newton\u2019un deyimiyle, bilinmezler okyanusunun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fczel bir deniz kabu\u011fu bulup; \u201c\u0130\u015fte ben b\u00fct\u00fcn evrenin s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcm\u201d m\u00fc diyoruz acaba?<\/p>\n

Einstein \u201c\u0130drak olunan olaylar\u0131n mant\u0131ksal olarak en uygun tarzda hakk\u0131n\u0131 verebilmek amac\u0131yla fizi\u011fin aksiyomatik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 her an de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye haz\u0131r olmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/em>\u201d[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> derken yani, iki noktadan bir do\u011fru ge\u00e7er <\/strong>ya da idrak edenden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir d\u0131\u015f evren vard\u0131r<\/strong> gibi temel bilimsel aksiyomlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bile terk edebilece\u011fimizi s\u00f6ylerken neden bu kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcven sahibi de\u011fildi diye de sormak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

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[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Terc\u00fcme Re\u015fit A\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu\u2019na ait. Kozmos, Carl Sagan. 1982, sf. 95. Alt\u0131n Kitaplar Yay\u0131nevi.
\n[ii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> http:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alvin_Toffler
\n[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Albert Einstein, Mein Weltbild, Amsterdam, Querido. 1934. Terc\u00fcme eden: Ahmet Y\u00fcksel \u00d6zemre. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Fizi\u011fe Giri\u015f. \u0130\u00dc Fen Fak\u00fcltesi, 1983.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim, bilinmezler okyanusuyla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f insano\u011fluna, \u00e7evresindeki bu okyanusu tan\u0131yabilme \u015fans\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bilinmezler okyanusu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evrendir. Isaac Newton da buna benzer bir tan\u0131mlamadan yola \u00e7\u0131karak kendisini tan\u0131ml\u0131yor: \u201cI do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[70,71,389,390,62],"class_list":["post-1008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cesitli","tag-bilim","tag-bilim-felsefesi","tag-fizik","tag-her-seyin-teorisi","tag-ilginc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1008"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2095,"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1008\/revisions\/2095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gokhanyorgancigil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}